Many industrial enterprises have their own workshops. For
repair worn shafts, turning machine is excellent. keyway
slots can be machined using a milling machine, while
The molding machine can process large flat areas.
drilling machine performs drilling holes.
The service technician should know how to use all these
machines to make your own repairs in a safe manner. Highly
often he has to control machinists. Information below
should be useful for this purpose.
Lathe machine
Lathe machine uses single point cutting tool for variety
rotary, facing and drilling works. Excess metal is removed
by turning the workpiece over the fixed cutting tool to form
straight or tapered cylindrical shapes, grooves, shoulders and
screw threads. It can also be used for cladding flat surfaces on
the ends of the cylindrical parts.
The workpiece is clamped on a horizontal rotating shaft by
3-jaw or 4-jaw chuck. The last cartridge can be used for cutting.
non-centered cylinders. The rotating horizontal spindle to which
The cartridge is attached, usually controlled at times, which may be
varied.
Cutting tool attached to the tool and controlled
arm. It can also be operated on straight channels in parallel or
perpendicular to the working axis. This is useful for cutting screws.
Inner rotation, known as boring, leads to an increase in
already existing hole. Holes are more accurate in
roundness, concentricity and parallelism than drilled holes.
the hole is drilled with a single-point cutting tool that feeds along
inside the workpiece.
Molding machine
The painting machine is used for machining flat surfaces, grooves,
shoulders, T-slots and corner surfaces with single-point tools.
The cutting tool on the former oscillates, cutting forward
course, while the workpiece is automatically fed to the tool
during each return stroke.
Drill
Drilling machine is used for cutting holes in the metal using a twist
drill. By changing the cutting tool, they can be used
boring, boring, counter drilling, countersinking and cutting.
Milling machine
The milling machine uses a rotating cutting tool for cutting.
surfaces, grooves and shoulders, sloping surfaces, dovetails,
and T-slots. Cutters of many shapes change to cut different
Grooves.
Cutting tools
Metal cutting tools are classified as single point or multiple.
dot. The lathe and milling machine uses a single point cutting tool.
while milling and drilling machines use multi-point cutting
instruments.
The metal is cut either by moving the workpiece, like in a lathe or
moving the tool like in a painting machine, drilling or
milling machine. Clearance angles should be provided to prevent
tool surface below cutting edge from wiping work
a piece. Cutting angles are often used on cutting tools.
wedge-shaped action in the formation of chips and to reduce friction and
heat.
Tool materials
To remove chips from the workpiece, the cutting tool must be
than the workpiece, and must support the cutting edge on
temperature created by cutting friction.
Carbon steel
Carbon steel tools, although relatively inexpensive
lose their ability to cut at temperatures around 400 degrees F (205
degree C).
High speed steel
High-speed steel containing 18 percent tungsten, 4 percent chromium,
1% vanadium and only 0.5-0.8% carbon,
using tools two or three times the speed limit
carbon steel
Cast alloys
Cast alloy cutting materials containing cobalt, chromium and
tungsten is effective in cutting and holding iron
cutting ability even when red is hot.
Cemented Tungsten Carbide
The hardness of tungsten carbide is close to the hardness of diamond.
Tungsten carbide tools can work at cutting speeds many times.
higher than when using high-speed steel.
Oxides
The ceramic or oxide tips of the instruments consist mainly of thin aluminum oxide.
grains that are joined together. It is very difficult.
Cutting fluids
An overheated instrument can become dull and soft very quickly. Consequently
very often coolants cool the cutting points of the tool. This
used for lubrication and cooling.
Water is an excellent cooling medium, but it eats away black
materials. Sulfated mineral oil is one of the most popular refrigerants.
as it can both cool and lubricate. Sulfur prevents the formation of chips
from work from melting to tool tip.
