
1.) What is your type?
There are many different types of commercial real estate that you can purchase, including:
o Office
o Trading space
o Warehouse complex
o Restaurant
o Commercial condo
o strip mall
The first step clearly protects what type of property you want to purchase and how you want to use it. The following information will help you maximize your investment dollars to get the best possible deal when buying your property.
2. Building equity with investments
Promotion - money
Building equity is the main, if not the ultimate reason for buying instead of renting commercial real estate. Let it be worth it. This is money in the bank. In fact, it is better than money in a bank, because you cannot get the same income on your money when it is in a bank, and not when you create capital. Moreover, if you choose the right financing for buying commercial real estate, you can not only build capital through property, but you can also use your capital savings to grow your business, hire additional employees, or even acquire additional space when the time is right.
Ownership beats the rent because you can sell your investment as soon as you outgrow the space or sell the business. Even if the commercial real estate in your area is not priced (which is unofficial), you can recoup your investment by renting out the space after you exit and sell when the time is right.
If you plan to grow in your building, buy something more than your current needs, and rent additional space until you need it to expand. This will provide you with a steady income, which you can use to help pay your mortgage or invest in your business.
3. Calculate your savings and your potential profit.
Less monthly payments
Consider buying commercial real estate as a savings for your business. Property costs are the third largest business account, at the expense of wages and taxes. Long-term depreciation loans mean that your monthly payments may be less than what you would pay for the rent, since landlords usually charge more than the monthly loan payment. In other words, owning your own commercial real estate may be more affordable, depending on current market conditions.
Ask your lender to provide you with an analysis of the current market in your area so that you can see which scenario is best for you (rent or buy). The lender should be able to explain in detail your options with examples of monthly rental costs compared to the monthly loan payments and the advantages of each.
Rental price analysis
Finding a property that matches your interests, find out the status of current tenants (if this property is multi-tenant) in terms of how much rent they pay. Check the current market to find out if rental rates are undervalued, which is lower than what you can get in the current market. Your realtor or lender should be able to help you figure out how much you could charge for renting and determine how much profit you can earn each month.
Tax breaks
There are many tax advantages to becoming a commercial property owner. In most cases, you can deduct part of the cost of the building at tax time, as well as improvements made by you as depreciation, which can save you more money on your taxes. Buying a property under your business or corporation is also a better tax strategy than under your personal name.
4. Do your research
The more you learn about real estate types and options, mortgages, financing, zoning and remodeling; the best position in which you will make wise decisions regarding the acquisition of commercial real estate.
However, you do not need to know everything. This may be your most important step in creating an effective team of professionals with knowledge in their field of expertise. Building a team of consultants — people you can trust to drive you in the right direction — is crucial to your success.
Understanding of current market conditions
Keep your eyes open for news related to the commercial real estate market. Is it hot now? Are they buyers or sellers? market? What are the interest rates?
The Internet is a great place to start. For example, conducting a Google search for the “commercial real estate market” will give you results that include news and resources for national trends, analytics and market research.
In addition, many realtors, lenders and lawyers across the country offer free and timely articles on their websites that shed light on current trends in commercial real estate throughout the country. Again, make sure you listen to both sides of the story.
Touch Expert Resources
National market research companies can provide you with specific information about the area in which you are preparing to find your business. You can also find information about demographics, including average age, household income, a breakdown of ethnic groups, and more from the censuses available at the US Census Bureau.
Also contact commercial lenders or realtors for additional resources. When looking for help, it is usually better to talk to a lender or realtor with nationwide experience and updated information than with a small operation that may not have the latest data for you. If the lender / realtor has not received an updated demographics since 1996, you have practically lost your time. In addition, a lender or realtor specializing in the type of property you are looking for is more likely to get the specific information that you need, which will save you time for research.
Examination of current vacancy rates
Examine the vacancy rates in the past few years for the area in which you are taking into account. If there seems to be a high level of vacancies, try to find the reason. Is this a bad neighborhood? Talk to the store owners in the vicinity and find out how long they have been doing business there. Ask if they have any concerns that you, as a potential property owner, should be aware of this area.
Research Commercial Realtors
This is important for researching commercial realtors who specialize in the type of space you are looking for. The realtor's grill that you are planning to choose for the whole buying process so you know what to expect. Ask how long the process usually takes to avoid surprises. Check out their links and their track record (more on finding a commercial real estate agent in number 5).
Explore experienced commercial lenders
The choice of lender and the financing program are just as important as the choice of property. Again, find out the whole financing process, as well as your various options. Do not assume that just because you have had a relationship with your bank for many years that using their financing is the best choice.
Banks do not always offer the lowest rate for commercial loans and sometimes have a much longer turnover than non-bank lenders. Some banks require you to transfer your accounts to them in order to receive a loan. Be aware of any provisions when looking for a bank for a commercial loan.
5. Choose a suitable commercial realtor
As mentioned earlier, you need qualified partners to assist you in the process of buying commercial real estate. Start with a terrific commercial realtor.
Some commercial realtors work exclusively with persons interested in investment property. Others work with owners / users of commercial real estate, and some of them specialize in property management, which may be an added advantage for you.
Who do you know
References from reliable sources are usually the best way to find a good commercial realtor.
To ask questions
Set up a meeting with more than one potential commercial realtor. Learn as much as you can about your vocational education, education and experience with your type of property. You can ask for a list of recent transactions to give you an idea of what they are dealing with on a regular basis, and how many properties they have actually sold in the last year or two. And most importantly, ask for customer reviews (reviews)! Real customer feedback is the most effective measure for potential success.
Correct match
Make sure you choose a realtor who understands your specific needs. If you are a small business, you do not want to work with a realtor, who usually handles multi-million dollar transactions. Your project may become a lower priority when this particular realtor receives a large commission to worry about.
6. Consider the time frame
If the reason you are looking for commercial real estate is that your rental is running out, think twice before making a decision you may regret. Finding the right space, securing financing and the process of obtaining commercial real estate can take several months. If you do not have such time, you may need to rent month after month.
Do not hurry
Although you may be in a hurry to move into space, do not be in a hurry. Buying any type of property is an important decision, and buying commercial real estate is even more important for the development and growth of your business. Choosing a property in the wrong area or a space that prevents you from growing can interfere with your company and even lead to its failure, so plan carefully.
If a realtor or lender gives you an estimate of three months from start to finish, plan longer - just in case. Keep in mind that many people are involved in the process of buying property, from a seller, realtor, lender, appraiser, inspector, approval of documents, secretaries, etc., and this process can often take a little longer.
7. Location, location, location
One of the most important factors when considering commercial real estate is location. If the property is located in a busy corner that is difficult to reach, your business may not be able to cope (in fact, this property is probably for sale). If you want to manage a dog kennel and real estate that you are considering in a residential area, your business will not only violate your interests, but zoning laws may prevent you from working there.
Foot traffic
For the retail business, look for areas with high pedestrian traffic that will give you exposure and increased walks, you need to be successful.
If you are looking for an industrial or manufacturing enterprise, then you can stay away from retailers and buy something in the warehouse area. These areas are usually cheaper than retail space.
Easy access
Make sure your location has easy access from the road. See if the site is at a difficult intersection. Is the construction happening, it looks like it won't end soon? On the other hand, what is the potential after construction?
Check Contest
If you want to open a bistro in an area where there are several bistros, you can try somewhere else with less competition. However, a healthy population of restaurants usually means a healthy population of customers.
Know your customer
Find out the demographics of the area in which you are interested. If you want to move a sportswear store to a new location, you will probably need an area with a high percentage of young people and active adults. An urban area with more pedestrian traffic may be better for such a store than a suburban area in the retirement community.
8. Free parking
We drive around and around all the time, looking for a place to park. This can be very unpleasant, especially when you are late. Whenever possible, you need a place where there is enough parking for your visitors.
If you have a high-traffic store, restaurant or other business, calculate how many customers or visitors you are likely to have at any given time, and think about giving up any properties that have fewer parking places available than your estimates. . Again, use your best judgment and contact your realtor.
Avoid headaches
Also pay attention to how your parking is located. If it is located close to the main road, it can cause a headache for people trying to escape from a parking space, and may even cause accidents. When you visit a property, see how well you can maneuver parking. If this is a hassle for you, it will probably be for a potential client or visitor.
9. Get in the zone
Before you begin the negotiation process for commercial real estate, be sure to study the laws on zoning, as well as what types of enterprises you can work there. There are zoning laws about the type of business that can be connected in certain spaces.
For example, some spaces do not allow food or drink to be served or may have restrictions on how late a business can work. Typical zoning areas in most cities include: residential, commercial, industrial, and mixed.
Don't think
Zoning can be tricky, so do your due diligence on this topic. Do not think that just because the previous tenant of the space had a restaurant, that the property you are looking for is necessarily zoned for food and drinks. Many companies crawl under the radar for months or years, violating zoning laws. Making claims can cost you a lot of time and money when it comes to zoning.
Regulations
Zoning laws can regulate not only the type of business that can operate, but also parking, signs, water and air quality, waste management, noise, the appearance of a building, and much more. Find out all the rules regarding the property in advance.
Visit your local library or zoning for information on all laws, rules, and zoning regulations that apply to the property you are considering to purchase. Talk to people in the zoning office if you have problems or questions before making an investment. Ask your realtor to double check your efforts to make sure that you have covered all your bases.
10. Inspection
Usually, if you are planning to buy a house, you have an inspector who looks at the structure, pipes, electrical system, etc. Commercial property requires even more careful inspection not only to meet your needs, but also the requirements of the local government.
Before buying commercial real estate, hire professionals to thoroughly examine the electrical system, including the sprinkler and security systems, as well as water, telephony and Internet systems. Since you have already done your homework on zoning and rules, you will know about building codes. With the results of your various checks, you can get an estimate of how much work, if any, will need to be invested in order to get the building up to the code.
Good foundation
Take an architect or engineer to study the foundation and structure, especially if you have frequent natural disasters, such as earthquakes or hurricanes in your area of the country.
connection
If you are looking at an older building, there may be enough investment to meet city standards or meet your own standards. Do not forget about the importance of high-tech telephone and Internet systems, especially if you have a lot of employees. If at the moment there is no T1 or fiber-optic network, build this cost in your purchase, as it will save you money and headaches in the long run for more traditional (and older) telephone and Internet systems.
Be sure to hire an expert to tell you whether changes are possible and within your budget. With most commercial real estate loans, you can include these remodeling costs in your financing. Again, be sure to ask.
11. Outline your plan
As a business owner, you understand the importance of carefully planning every step. Buying a property requires no less preparation. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡ.
Create a budget
ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΡ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠΉΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ Π²Π°Ρ Π² Π½ΠΎΡΡ Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ.
ΠΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°
Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ.
ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²Π·ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊ: ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π²Π°ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡ Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅.
ΠΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄
ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π°ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½, ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΌ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ Π²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅-ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΡΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·. Π£Π±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ.
Π‘ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π°
ΠΡΠ°ΠΊ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ? ΠΠ°Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡ, Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π»Π°ΡΠ°. Π ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅, Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π»ΠΈ? ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π½Π° Π²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π°.
ΠΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π°: Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ.
12. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ Π² Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ΅ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΈ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆΠΈ, ΠΈ Π² Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π°!
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³, Π²ΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ , ΠΎΠ½ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎ, Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅.
ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ. Π.
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ½ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ² Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈ Π²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΡΠ΄Ρ ...
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΡ Π²Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ Π½Π° Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ»Π° Π²Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ° Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½Π° Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ.
Π Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ...
ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½, ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π°Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ.
Π ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Ρ, Π° Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅Π³Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠ°, Π²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π°Ρ Π² Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.
13. ΠΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ
Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π² ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ: Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌ.
ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏ ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ.
Π’ΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²
Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²: ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ , Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ². Π₯ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ Π±Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π·Π½Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ , ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π°Ρ?
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ , Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈΠΌΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ.
ΠΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π²Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ, LOC ΠΈ Ρ. Π., Π ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ.
ΠΠ΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ° Π‘Π¨Π (SBA) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. SBA ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π³, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Ρ-ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Π‘Π°ΠΌ SBA Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌ.
Beginning of work
ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ° Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ². ΠΠ°Ρ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΡ Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ.
ΠΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ , Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ Π²Π°Ρ ΠΈΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅Ρ, Π²Π°ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΈ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. Π‘ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠΏΡΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅, Π²Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅.
14. ΠΠ½Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠΎΠΊΠ° Π²Ρ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ «ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ» Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ, Π²Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π²Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π°Ρ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅.
ΠΠ΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° Π²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ : ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ°, Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΈΠΏ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ. ΠΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ (Π΄ΠΎ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ), ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ³ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΡΠΈ Π²Π·Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π²Π·ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ°, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ «Π±ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³». Π£Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅Π³ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Ρ.
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅
ΠΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅Π³ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² - ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ , Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π°, Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅, Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 80% ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ, Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 15-20 Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Ρ ΡΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ 20% ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° (ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΄Π° Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ³ΠΈ), ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π²Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅. Π ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π²ΡΡΠΈΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎ, Π²Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²Π°Ρ ΠΈ Π²Π°Ρ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ°.
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ, Ρ Π²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ³ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ-ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°.
Π€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ / ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ
Π€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π». ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ°. ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π», Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ.
ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ , ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ SBA 7 (a)
SBA ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ SBA - ΡΡΠΎ 7 (a) ΠΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ.
Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 7 (Π°) ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°, Π²Π°Ρ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, ΠΈ Π²Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ . ΠΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° 7 (Π°) ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· 7 (Π°) ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 2 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Π‘Π¨Π. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΄Ρ SBA 7 (a) ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠΏ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ·Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ / ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π²Π°Ρ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΆ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ.
Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΡ ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ.
15. ΠΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, - ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΆ. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ, Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ SBA, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 90 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
Π€Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 504 Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΌ Π² ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ° Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅.
Π’ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ 10% Π²Π½ΠΈΠ·
Π₯ΠΎΡΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 504, Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΡ ΠΎΡ Π‘ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡ, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° 504: Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ 10% - ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ 10% Π²Π½ΠΈΠ·! (ΠΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΠΉΡΡΠ°, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° 10% Π²Π½ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ. Π₯ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Ρ Π²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ.)
ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ 90% ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ: Π΄ΠΎ 50% ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ (Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Ρ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ) ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 40% ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ (ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ 100-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ SBA).
ΠΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈ
ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ 20-30% ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², 504 ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° - ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ: ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ² Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ 10% Π²Ρ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Ρ Π²Π°Ρ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ 504, Π²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ (40% -ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ) Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ°. ΠΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΡ, Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π°.
504 ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 30 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ Π²Π°ΠΌ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠΉΡΠΈ Π² Π²Π°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ «ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ», ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎ Ρ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°, Π° Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Ρ , ΠΊΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄. Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π½Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°.

